Camera and photography techniques- research

Library Research;

Book- The creative darkroom handbook; Chris Wainwright

Sandwiches-
'The term sandwich is used to describe a combination of any number of translucent images bound up together in close contact and in register, through which light is transmitted in order to produce a composite picture. Two negatives, or two transparencies, placed emulsion-to-emulsion and held together between glass plates, are the simplest form of sandwich. Three or more negatives or transparencies are equally possible. Sandwiches may also include high contrast images using lith film and these can be particularly effective. Whether you use negatives, transparencies or anything else, the technique is identical.'

Examples-

Burning-
'However skilful a printer you may be, if you simply expose a negative on the paper and then develop it, you are almost certainly not getting the most out of your negative. The negative merely records, in terms of tones, the original scene; the highlights and shadows remain just where they were at the time. This is fine if the lighting conditions were absolutely perfect when the photograph was taken. In nearly all cases, though, the lighting, or the distribution of tones can be improved. This is why it is useful to have some means of manipulating the tones in the print.'

Examples-

                                     

Solarization-

'Solarization is a fascinating technique which is likely to give hours of entertainment in the darkroom, not to mention frustration. It is based on a strange chemical phenomenon which occurs when a partially developed emulsion is re-exposed to light. Both film and paper can be solarized, but the best effect is best obtained with lith film. When a lith negative containing an white image on black is printed normally, a lith positive is formed which has a black image on white. If the lith positive is solarized, by turning the light on during development, the result is a black image with a white line around it, on a black background.

Examples-

Internet based;

Double Exposure-

Double exposure is pretty self explanatory. Its where the shutter of the camera is opened twice but over the same piece of negative, creating an image on top of another image.  However, to get a correct effect, both images need to be different. This technique can be used to tie an object or a person in with a background or even another object or can even be used to create ghostly like images.

 Examples;

Painting with developer-
Painting with developer is a more creative way to develop your images. You can be a lot more precise and paint a shape or image onto the exposed paper so it only exposes the parts in which you've added developer. Personally, this is one of my favourite techniques due to the amount of freedom you have with the task and how experimental you can get. Also, you can never be wrong.

Experiments;

Painting on images-

Painting on images is very similar to painting with developer. However, instead of painting with developer, you paint on actual prints with paint. I like this technique again because of the amount of freedom but also because you can emphasise some parts of the image more than the others. Adding colour to the sky or even textures with acrylic paint. The opportunities are endless.

Examples;

Distressing images-

There are many ways of distressing images such as; stepping on it, squashing dirt into it, creasing it, or sand it down with sand paper. However, James Fee distressing his images by leaving the chemicals he uses on his prints and leaving them out in the sun for up to 2 weeks, 2 months and sometimes longer.

Examples;

 

Photogram-

To create a photogramic image, all you need to do is place an object over a light sensitive paper and expose your negative to it. This will expose your image but the object shape or pattern will be complete white as its blocked the part of your image out, where you placed the object.

Examples;